NMN Powder Raw Material

What is NMN?
The full name of NMN is nicotinamide mononucleotide, which is nicotinamide mononucleotide, which is a naturally occurring biologically active nucleotide. NMN has two irregular forms, α and β; the β isomer is the active form of NMN, and its molecular weight It is 334.221 g/mol.

Because nicotinamide belongs to vitamin B3, NMN belongs to the category of vitamin B derivatives. It is widely involved in many biochemical reactions in the human body and is closely related to immunity and metabolism.

Item	Specification	Result	Test Method
Active Ingredeints
Purity	NLT 99%	99.8%	HPLC
Physical Control
Appearance	White powder	Conforn	Visual
Color	White	Conforn	Visual
Odor	Characteristic	Confomn	Organoleptic
Loss on Drying	NMT 0.5%	0.11%	USP<731>
Mesh size	95% pass 40mesh	98%	40 mesh screen
Chemical Control
Total Heavy Metals	NMT 10ppm	Conform	USP<231>
Arsenic(As)	NMT 0.5ppm	<0.05	ICP-MS
Mercury(Hg)	NMT 0.1ppm	<0.005	AAS
Cadmium(Cd)	NMT 0.5ppm	<0.01	ICP-MS
Lead(Pb)	NMT 0.5ppm	<0.5	ICP-MS
Ethanol(by GC)	NMT 0.5%	0.01%	GC-MS
Microbiological Control
Total Plate Count	NMT 1,000cfu/g	Confomn	USP<2021>
Yeast Mold& Fungi	NMT 100cfu/g	Confomn	USP<2021>
E.Coli	Negative	Confomn	USP<2022>
Staphylococcus	Negative	Negative	USP<2022>
Salmonella	Negative	Confomn	USP<2022>
Packing and Storage
Packing	Packed in food-grade plastic bag inside and aluminum-foil bag outside.
Storage	Keep dry and away fromlight,long term storage at-25℃to-15℃.
Shelf Life	24 months if sealed and stored properly.

NMN is widely distributed in daily food, vegetables such as cauliflower (0.25–1.12 mg NMN/100 gm) and Chinese cabbage (0.0–0.90 mg NMN/100 gm), fruits such as avocado (0.36–1.60 mg NMN/100 gm), Tomatoes (0.26–0.30 mg NMN/100 gm), meat such as raw beef (0.06–0.42 mg NMN/100 gm) are rich in NMN.

NMN can also be synthesized by endogenous substances: 1 molecule of nicotinamide and 1 molecule of 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) are catalyzed by nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT or NAMPRT) to generate 1 molecule of NMN and 1 molecule of pyrophosphate (PPi). In addition to nicotinamide, NMN can be generated, and one molecule of nicotinamide riboside (NR) is phosphorylated under the catalysis of nicotinamide riboside kinase (NRK) to generate one molecule of NMN.

NMN is the precursor of NAD+, and its function is mainly reflected by NAD+, so first explain NAD+:

NAD+, also known as coenzyme I, is the full name of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is widely distributed in all cells of the human body and participates in thousands of biocatalytic reactions. It is an essential coenzyme in the human body.

NAD+ specifically participates in the following reactions: growth, DNA repair (PARPs-mediated), SIRTs protein, and NADP(H) synthesis.

NAD+ has so many functions, how should we supplement it? And why choose NMN?

Still first introduce the main ways to synthesize NAD+:

The synthesis of NAD+ is divided into salvage pathway, de novo synthesis pathway and Preiss-handler pathway according to different synthetic raw materials.

● De novo synthesis pathway: tryptophan (Trp) is converted to quinolinic acid (QA), which is then converted to NAMN by quinolinic acid-phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT). NAMN is converted to NAAD, and finally NAD+ is catalyzed by NAD+ synthase (NADS).

● P-H synthesis pathway (also known as NA rescue pathway): Niacin (NA) synthesizes NAD+ through NAPRT, NMNAT, and NADS (NAD synthase).

● Salvage synthesis pathway (also known as NR rescue pathway): nicotinamide riboside (NR) or nicotinamide (NAM) synthesizes nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) via NRK (nicotinamide riboside kinase) or NAMPT, NMNAT, NMN NAD+ is synthesized by NMNAT1-3 enzymes.

In addition, nicotinic acid riboside (NAR) can also produce NAMN through the catalysis of NRK, and then synthesize NAD+ through the enzymatic reaction in 1.

PNP: purine nucleoside phosphorylase; NRK: nicotinamide riboside kinase; QPRT: quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase NAPRT: nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase; NAMPT: nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase; NMNAT: nicotinamide mononuclear adenylate adenylyltransferase.

NMN has a membrane transporter on the surface of some cells, which can directly transfer NMN into the cell, so there are two ways for NMN to enter the cell:

● Direct entry into cells through transporters: In early 2019, a paper by nature metabolism confirmed this idea. The article found that there is an NMN-specific transporter in the small intestine of mice, called Slc12a8, which is an amino acid and polyamine transporter. It has high selectivity to NMN and does not transport NaMN which is very similar in structure to NMN.

● Dephosphorylation of CD73 on the surface of the cell membrane to NR (through the balance of nucleoside transporter ENTs) into the cell, and then catalyzed by the NRK enzyme in the cytoplasm to NMN, enters the mitochondria and is utilized (mitochondrion without NRK).

NAM is not only the precursor of NMN, but also the product of NAD+ hydrolyzed by CD38, which is depleted by NADase activity. Therefore, the synthesis, utilization and regeneration of NAD+ is a cycle involving intracellular and extracellular NMN/NR→NAD+→NAM→NMN.

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