Shiitake Mushroom Plant Form
Shiitake mushroom cotyledons are solitary, clustered or grouped. The cap is round, usually 5-10 cm, sometimes up to 20 cm, with dark brown or dark brown surface, covered with dark scales. When the shiitake mushroom is young, the edges are involute, with white or yellowish-white hairs, which disappear with growth. Under the cap there is a curtain, and then broken, forming an incomplete ring. After maturity, the edge of the cap recoils and splits. Mycorrhizal folds are curved, white, mycorrhizal stalk is medium or deviated, (3~6) cm x (1.0~1.5) cm, solid, the part above the ring is white, the part below the ring is brown. Spore print white, stamens colorless under microscope, ellipsoid, (5~7)µm x (3.4~4.0)µm, binucleate mycelium with locking connexion. Grows on wild broadleaf trees or artificially cultivated.
Shiitake Mushroom Herb Characteristics
The shiitake mushroom cap is flat hemispherical or flat, semi-succulent, 4.0-12.5 cm in diameter. The surface is brown or purple brown, with light brown or brown scales and irregular cracks. The flesh of shiitake mushrooms is white or light brown, and the gills are white or light brown.It's stipe is middle or partial, nearly cylindrical or slightly flattened, curved or straight, often with scales, the upper part is white, the lower part is white to brown, and the inside is solid. The base of the handle is enlarged. The gas is slightly fragrant and the taste is light.
Shiitake Mushroom Extract Main Chemical Component
Dried shiitake mushroom accounts for 72% of the edible part, containing 18.64g of crude protein, 4.8g of crude fat, 61.4g of sugar, 9.6g of crude fiber per 100g of dried product,
The mushroom extract main components are as follows:
1. Polysaccharides and proteins
Mushroom polysaccharide is a homogeneous polysaccharide extracted and purified from its substrates, which is the main component with anti-tumor activity. The molecular formula is (C6H10O5)n, and the molecular weight ranges from 16000 to millions. The proteins in shiitake mushroom are mainly albumin, glutenin and alcoholic protein (100:63:2) with molecular weights ranging from 20 kDa to 40 kDa. 18 kinds of amino acids (the highest content is glutamic acid), including 7 essential amino acids, are included in the proteins.
2. Steroids
Steroids are one of the main chemical components of the fat-soluble components of shiitake mushroom extract, 100g of new sample contains 103.8mg of total steroids, and the compounds isolated from them are common ergosterol and peroxyergosterol.
3. Polyphenols
The total polyphenols in shiitake mushroom extract were measured by colorimetric method and the content was about 4mg/g (dry weight).
4. Fatty acids
Fatty acid compounds accounted for about 2% of the mushroom extract, of which unsaturated fatty acids accounted for 77%, mainly including oleic acid (8.3%), linoleic acid (68.8%) and linoleic acid (0.6%), and saturated fatty acids mainly included palmitic acid (19.2%), stearic acid (2.7%) and arachidic acid (0.4%).
5. Nucleotide compounds
Nucleotides include cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate), CGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate), and CCMP (cyclic cytidine monophosphate). The specific purine compound mushroom purine, also known as mushroomin extract.
6. Vitamins and mineral compounds
Including calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin B1, B2, nikonic acid, etc.
7. Aromatic substances
The aroma of shiitake mushroom extract is a group of water-soluble substances, among which adenine is one of the main ones; the aroma of fresh mushroom is dominated by matsutake alcohol (90%). The aroma of fresh mushroom extract is dominated by pine mushroom alcohol (90%), in addition to n-amyl ketone 4%~6%; the aroma of dried herb is dominated by ketone. The aroma is the result of a series of enzymes during the slow roasting process of fresh mushrooms. The aroma of dried mushrooms varies according to the drying method, as it is produced by a series of enzymes during slow roasting.
Shiitake Mushroom Extract Pharmacological Actions
1. Antiviral effect
Lentinus edodes extract has good antiviral curative effect, almost no toxic and side effects, and is a natural medicine worthy of clinical promotion. Sulfated lentinan can inhibit HIV and human T-cell leukemia virus type I. The antiviral mechanism may be that it improves the immunity of infected cells, increases the stability of cell membranes, inhibits cytopathic changes, and promotes cell repair and other functions. Lentinus edodes mycelia extract (LEM) can inhibit
suppress HIV.
2. Anti-bacterial effect
Lentinus edodes extract had certain inhibitory effect on Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the antibacterial effect increased significantly with the increase of extract concentration.
3. Anti-tumor effect
At present, many researchers have widely used shiitake mushroom extract in adjuvant chemotherapy against tumors. Lentinan double-stranded RNA has anti-cell
Proliferation and anticancer effects. It is usually used as an adjuvant therapy in combination with conventional therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.
4. Immunomodulatory effect
Shiitake mushroom extract is an immunomodulator, its function is similar to that of host immune enhancer, it can stimulate the maturation of immune cells,
Differentiate and proliferate, improve the individual balance of the host, and restore or improve the responsiveness of the host cells to lymphokines, hormones and other biologically active factors.
5. Antioxidant effect
The water extract of Lentinus edodes has a scavenging effect on hydrogen peroxide, and its CI50 is 802.25 microliters, and it has a certain scavenging effect on O2 produced by the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system.
6. Liver protection
Shiitake mushroom extract has anti-chronic hepatitis effect. Lentinus edodes has been identified as an effective compound for protecting the liver, and many experiments have confirmed that its mechanism of protecting the liver is to reduce the secretion of lipoproteins in the liver.
7. Others:
Anti-platelet aggregation, lowering cholesterol, lowering blood pressure, anti-mutagenic effects, etc.
Shiitake mushroom polysaccharide (mushroom extract) is mainly used in medicine and health food raw materials, capsule products can be directly filled with capsules, oral liquid products can be directly dissolved in distilled water, shiitake mushroom contains high unsaturated fatty acids, and also contains a large amount of ergosterol and mycosterol which can be transformed into vitamin D. It has good effect on strengthening the resistance to diseases and preventing colds and treatment. It can be used as a raw material for health food and is beneficial to prevent rickets caused by vitamin D deficiency in blood phosphorus and calcium metabolism in infants, and to prevent various mucous membrane and skin inflammation diseases.
Shiitake Mushroom Extract Application
Shiitake mushroom polysaccharide (mushroom extract) is mainly used in medicine and health food raw materials, mushroom extract powder capsule products can be directly filled with capsules, oral liquid products can be directly dissolved in distilled water, shiitake mushroom contains high unsaturated fatty acids, and also contains a large amount of ergosterol and mycosterol which can be transformed into vitamin D. It has good effect on strengthening the resistance to diseases and preventing colds and treatment. It can be used as a raw material for health food and is beneficial to prevent rickets caused by vitamin D deficiency in blood phosphorus and calcium metabolism in infants, and to prevent various mucous membrane and skin inflammation diseases.
