1.Recommended dosage of NAD+

Our recommended dosage range is 100-1200 mg

(For detailed information on the principle and experiment of the recommended dosage, you can contact Jack if you need it.)

 

2.What is NAD+?

(Please note: the full name of NMN is nicotinamide mononucleotide, and the full name of NAD+ is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, which is an important auxiliary enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, which can promote the metabolism of sugar, fat, and amino acids. NMN in is the precursor of NAD+, and its function is realized by NAD+.)

 

NAD is a biological term, the full name is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, or coenzyme I for short.It can be reduced, carrying up to two protons (written as NADH+H+).

It is a kind of electron transfer and is the coenzyme of many dehydrogenases in the body, connecting the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the respiratory chain, and its function is to transfer the hydrogen removed during the metabolic process to the flavoprotein.

 

3.How NAD+ works in the human body?

NAD+ is an indispensable substance for activating acetylase, which decreases with age.

 

NAD is a coenzyme for dehydrogenases, such as alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), used to oxidize ethanol. It plays an irreplaceable role in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and respiratory chain. The intermediate product will pass off the hydrogen to NAD, making it NADH.

NADH acts as a hydrogen carrier to synthesize ATP by chemical osmotic coupling in the respiratory chain.

In terms of light absorption, NADH has an absorption peak at 260nm and 340nm, while NAD has only one absorption peak at 260nm, which is an important attribute to distinguish the two. This is also the physical basis for measuring metabolic rate in many metabolic experiments. The absorption coefficient of NAD at 260 nm was 1780 L/(mol·cm), while that of NADH at 340 nm was 6200 L/(mol·cm).

NAD+ can be involved in glycolysis:

C6H12O6+2NAD++2ADP+2pi------2CH3COCOOH+2NADH+2H++2ATP

Molecular weight: 663.4

 

4.What happens when supplemented with NAD+?

The Benefits of Supplementing with NAD+

Nad is involved in the energy supply and DNA repair of cells (NAD+ is an essential substrate for the DNA repair enzyme PARP, which has a major impact on DNA repair, gene expression, cell development, cell survival, chromosome reconstruction and gene stability, etc.), which Both are closely related to healthy aging.

1) Widely distributed in all cells of the human body, participating in thousands of biocatalytic reactions, promoting the metabolism of sugar, fat and amino acids, and participating in the synthesis of energy. It is an essential and important coenzyme for the human body. (Through the cellular tricarboxylic acid cycle, fat B oxidation, etc., it provides 95% of the energy of the human body. It plays an essential role in cellular energy metabolism, oxidative stress regulation and signaling pathway transmission.)

2) NAD+ is the only substrate for coenzyme I consuming enzymes (the only substrate for the DNA repair enzyme PARP, the only substrate for the longevity protein Sirtuins, and the only substrate for the cyclic ADP ribose synthase CD38/157). However, NAD+ levels in the body decrease rapidly with age. 50% reduction every 20 years. By the age of 40, the NAD+ level in the human body is only 25% of that of a child.

3). Activates almost all longevity proteins in the human body, and plays an important role in the process of cell resistance, energy metabolism, prevention of cell mutation, apoptosis and aging.

4) The role of protecting cardiovascular health and preventing cardiovascular disease. Almost all seven subtypes of sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7) are associated with cardiovascular disease. Sirtuins are considered an agonistic target for cardiovascular disease therapy, especially SIRT1.

And NAD+ is the only substrate of Sirtuins, timely replenishing NAD+ to the human body can fully activate the activity of each subtype of Sirtuins.

5) Improve hair loss. The main cause of hair loss is the loss of viability of hair mother cells, and the loss of viability of hair mother cells is because the level of NAD+ in the human body decreases, and hair mother cells do not have enough ATP for hair protein synthesis, thus loss of vitality leads to hair loss. Supplementation of NAD+ precursor (NMN) can strengthen the tricarboxylic acid cycle and generate ATP, then the hair mother cells have sufficient capacity to produce hair protein, thereby improving hair loss.

6) Protect the liver and prevent liver cancer. The latest research from Tsinghua University shows that NMN supplementation can control the activity of hepatic stellate cell LX-2 by regulating prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 15-PGDH, and prevent the occurrence of liver fibrosis.

Liver fibrosis is one of the responses of the liver to acute and chronic damage. If not prevented, it can easily evolve into serious diseases such as liver cirrhosis and liver cancer.

7) Studies based on animal data show that the combined use of NAD + food supplements can significantly enhance T cell activation, which is expected to affect cancer immunotherapy regimens and provide possible new strategies for tumors with poor immunotherapy effects. However, whether NAD+ supplementation combined with immunotherapy can be used as a therapeutic strategy needs to be further validated in human clinical trials.

 

In addition, relevant research evidence shows that NAD+ also plays a significant role in delaying muscle aging, improving fertility in older women, repairing kidney damage, and losing weight.

 

If human cells lack NAD+, mitochondrial dysfunction is reduced, DNA damage repair capacity is reduced, the longevity gene protein family Sirtuin is also inactivated, and so on. These negative factors can lead to apoptosis, human disease, aging and even death.

 

5.Safety of NAD+

Researchers at the University of Colorado, Boulder recruited 24 healthy volunteers between the ages of 55 and 79. Half of the volunteers took 500 mg of nicotinamide riboside twice a day for 6 weeks, followed by 6 weeks of placebo. The other half of the volunteers took Anwei for 6 weeks, and then took nicotinamide riboside for 6 weeks. Volunteers reported no side effects.

 

The experimental results show that taking nicotinamide ribose can increase the content of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in the human body by 60%. NAD+ is an indispensable substance for activating acetylase, which decreases with age. Acetylase can limit the body's calorie intake and is good for health.

"By supplementing nicotinamide riboside in older people, we not only restored the NAD+ that decreased with aging, but also activated enzymes that help the body fight stress," said Chris Martens, who was involved in the study.

 

Nicotinamide ribose is a derivative of vitamin B3, which exists in trace amounts in milk and can also be synthesized artificially.

 

The researchers stress that their experiments are small and cannot be sure that nicotinamide riboside is safe and effective, but provide a "good stepping stone" for further research.