PQQ, the full name of pyrroloquinoline quinone, is a new type of natural antioxidant that has attracted much attention in recent years. It is found in a wide variety of common foods including fruits, vegetables, grains, and beverages, including foods of plant and animal origin. In recent years, PQQ has been extensively studied for its multiple biological functions, the most notable of which is its antioxidant effect.
1. Antioxidant
Antioxidation refers to a biochemical reaction that protects cells from oxidative damage by scavenging free radicals. Free radicals are highly unstable molecules that are produced rapidly in biological processes and can easily cause various diseases, such as aging, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Antioxidants combine with free radicals to form stable compounds that reduce free radical damage to cells.
2. Antioxidant mechanism of PQQ
Antioxidants are compounds that have the ability to scavenge or reduce the production of free radicals and other oxidative compounds. As a natural antioxidant, PQQ has excellent antioxidant function, and its antioxidant mechanism is mainly manifested in the following aspects.
1. Clear ROS directly
ROS is the general term for free radical macromolecules in the human body and is the main factor mediating oxidative damage. PQQ can directly enter the interior of cells and mitochondria, interact with ROS and remove them, thereby reducing the production of free radicals and ROS. In addition, PQQ can also kill cancer cells, reduce the oxide film of cancer cells, and reduce the survival rate of cancer cells.
2. Indirect inhibition of ROS generation
PQQ also has the effect of inhibiting the generation of ROS. It can target free radicals entering mitochondria, promote the flow of redox electrons in cells, and enhance the slowing response of cells to environmental factors such as inflammation and fine particles. At the same time, PQQ can improve the energy production ability of mitochondria, so that cells can produce ATP faster to provide more energy, thereby promoting cell metabolism and reducing oxidative damage.
3. Enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes in cells
There are a variety of antioxidant enzymes in cells, which can reduce oxides to relatively stable and non-toxic substances, thereby reducing the existence of free radicals and ROS. PQQ can enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione transferase (GST), etc., and maintain a stable redox environment in the bod.
3. Significance of PQQ Antioxidation
1. Anti-aging
Free radicals are one of the main causes of aging. Free radicals can damage molecular structures such as DNA, proteins, and lipids within cells, resulting in impaired cellular function, tissue aging, and organ failure. The antioxidant properties of PQQ can scavenge free radicals and protect cells from oxidative damage, thereby delaying the aging process.
2. Prevention of chronic diseases
Long-term exposure to free radicals can make the human body susceptible to various chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, etc. Antioxidants can reduce the risk of these diseases and maintain good health.
3. Improve immunity
Antioxidation can enhance the function of immune cells, improve the body's resistance, and prevent infection and disease.
4. Protect your eyes
Free radicals are very damaging to the eyes and may cause eye diseases such as cataracts and macular degeneration. Antioxidants can protect the eyes from free radical damage and prevent eye diseases.
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