Ginseng has been used in China for more than 4,000 years. It is rich in 18 types of ginseng monomer saponins and is easily soluble in water at 80°C. Soluble in ethanol. It is mainly suitable for symptoms and symptoms such as coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, bradycardia, too fast, ventricular premature beats, blood pressure disorders, neurasthenia, menopausal syndrome, over-fatigue, post-illness, post-partum, post-operative physical weakness and other symptoms; long-term use can prolong life. .
Ginsenosides can significantly increase the content of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the blood. In addition, some monomer saponins in ginsenosides such as rb1, rb2, rd, rc, re, rg1, rg2, rh1, etc. have antioxidant effects. Ginseng root contains 0.4% ginsenoside and a small amount of volatile oil. The main ingredient in the oil is ginsengene (panacen, C15H24) 0.072%. According to reports, saponins are isolated from roots: ginsenosides A, B, C, D, E, and F (panaxoside A, B, C, D, E, F), etc. Ginsenoside A (C42H72O14) is ginsenoside Rg1 (ginsenoside Rg1). Ginsenosides B and C are hydrolyzed to produce panaxatriol sapogenin, and ginsenosides D, E and F are hydrolyzed to produce 20-epiproto panaxo-diol sapogenin. The aerial part of ginseng contains flavonoids, known as panasenoside, trifolin, kaempferol, ginsenosides, β-sitosterol and sugars.
The role of ginsenosides:
1. Ginseng has an excitatory effect on the central nervous system, but in large quantities it has an inhibitory effect. It can strengthen the excitement and inhibition process of the animal's advanced neural activity. And it can enhance the body's ability to adapt to all non-specific stimuli, and can reduce fatigue (the roots, stems and leaves of ginseng can extend the duration of the mouse's swimming).
2. Ginseng has a direct effect on myocardium and blood vessels. It is generally excited at small doses and inhibited at large doses. Giving 1 ml/kg of 10% ginseng extract to cats (or rabbits) can improve myocardial weakness to a certain extent. There is a considerable degree of recovery during the rewarming period. It also has anti-allergic shock and heart strengthening effects. Ginseng has an inhibitory effect on the activity of ATPase in rat myocardial cell membrane.
3. Strengthen the body's resistance to harmful factors: (1) It can prevent the chickens infected with malaria parasite from acute death, and the weight of the chickens is gradually increasing. (2) It can inhibit the febrile reaction caused by the injection of milk or vaccine in laboratory animals. (3) It can enhance the human body's ability to adapt to temperature changes. (4) When the dog is in a critical state due to a large amount of blood loss or suffocation, immediately inject ginseng preparation, which can make the blood pressure drop to a very low level rise steadily. (5) It can prolong the survival time of mice infected with trypanosomes. (6) It can inhibit systemic inflammation caused by turpentine injection or frostbite of rabbit ears. (7) Promote the healing of some experimental injuries. (8) It has anti-vitamin B1 and B2 deficiency. (9) It can accelerate the healing of experimental corneal ulcers in rabbits. (10) It can weaken the effect of certain poisons (benzene, tetraethyl lead, tricresol phosphoric acid, etc.) on the body.
4. It has the effect of lowering blood sugar in animals with high blood sugar caused by adrenaline; in addition to consciously improving symptoms for diabetic patients, it also has a slight blood sugar lowering effect, and has a synergistic effect with insulin.
5. It can promote the gonadal function of animals, and the mice can eat a small amount of ginseng, which can cause tail lift.
6. At an appropriate dose, it can also increase body weight for rabbits and increase the ratio of plasma albumin to globulin.
7. Stimulate hematopoietic organs and improve anemia.
8. Taking a small amount for a long time can make the reticuloendothelial system become hyperactive; if the dosage is too large, it will have the opposite effect.
Chinese ginseng extracts are mainly distributed in the Northeast, Shaanxi, Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions. The extracts from Northeast and Shaanxi are mainly powdered ginseng total saponins, and the output is relatively large. From 2017 to 2021, the overall market demand has shown an upward trend year by year, reaching 1,427 tons in 2017. The entire market is relatively stable and the market ecology is good.
With the increasing demand for health and the improvement of people's living standards, the development of the medicine and health products industry is gradually ushering in new opportunities. As the upstream branch of the medicine and health products industry, the market has an increasing demand for ginsenosides.
